ASLEF

The Sahel is not just a battlefield—it is a contest for governance, legitimacy and the trust of its people.

The Anatomy of the Sahel Region: Understanding Conflict, Governance and the New Geopolitics of West Africa Introduction The Sahel is often presented to the world through images of military coups, displaced communities, jihadist attacks, poverty, irregular migration and foreign soldiers. These images capture elements of reality, but they do not explain the region.

Saving Somalia : Part 5 - Winning the Peace: Reconciliation as Somalia's Most Decisive Battle "Wars end when people stop fighting. Peace begins when people choose to live together again.

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Military victories may secure the ground, but only trusted institutions can secure Somalia's future.

Saving Somalia – Part 4 Beyond the Battlefield: Why Institutions, Not Military Victories, Will Determine Somalia's Future For more than three decades, Somalia has demonstrated one important lesson that many fragile states continue to overlook: military operations can create opportunities for peace, but they cannot build peace. Armies can clear territory.

Somalia's decisive battle is no longer only for territory—it is for legitimacy

Saving Somalia – Part 3 Winning the War Beyond the Battlefield: Why Governance is Somalia's Decisive Centre of Gravity Introduction Military operations can create space, but they cannot build a nation. After decades of conflict, Somalia has demonstrated repeatedly that battlefield victories alone do not produce lasting peace.

"To save Somalia, the world must first understand Somalia."

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The rise of the RSF was not a military accident. It was the predictable outcome of political decisions that prioritized short-term security over long-term state stability

Why the Rapid Support Forces Became So Powerful: Lessons for African States The rise of the RSF was not an accident. It was the result of political decisions, strategic calculations, and institutional weaknesses that accumulated over two decades.

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Why Sudan's War Has Not Ended: Five Strategic Mistakes Made by the SAF and the RSF Introduction When fighting erupted in Sudan on 15 April 2023, many military observers expected a short conflict. Some believed that the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), with its air force, heavy weapons, and status as the national military, would quickly overwhelm the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

From Allies to Adversaries: The Struggle for Sudan's Future.

Sudan's Two Armies: A Comparative Analysis of the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces Introduction The war that erupted in Sudan in April 2023 is often portrayed as a struggle between a national army and a militia. While technically accurate, such a description oversimplifies one of Africa's most complex contemporary conflicts.

Sudan’s war is no longer just a battle between armies — it is a warning about what happens when militias become stronger than the state itself.

The Rise of Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces: How a Militia Became More Powerful Than the State From Camel Traders to a Parallel Army In many African conflicts, militias emerge because states become weak. Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF) are different.