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*PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT [BPH] – 1 PAGE NOTES*

*What is it?*
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia = non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland. The prostate sits below the bladder and surrounds the urethra. It’s very common with age: ∼50% of men 50+ and ∼90% of men 80+.

*Why it happens*
- *Age + hormones*: Hormonal changes over time
- *Family history*
- *Risk factors*: Obesity, diabetes, heart disease, low activity

*Common Symptoms*
Because an enlarged prostate squeezes the urethra:
- *Storage*: Frequent urination, urgency, waking up at night to p*e
- *Voiding*: Weak/slow stream, straining to start, dribbling, incomplete emptying
- *After*: Leaking or dribbling post-void[nocturia]

_Symptom severity ≠ prostate size. Small glands can cause big problems, and vice versa._

*Red Flags – See a Doctor/Urologist If:*
Blood in urine/semen, pain when p*eing, can’t urinate at all, recurrent UTIs, or symptoms disrupting sleep/work. Only a clinician can rule out infection or prostate cancer.

*How It’s Checked*
1. *Symptom questionnaire* [IPSS] + medical history
2. *Digital Re**al Exam [DRE]*
3. *PSA blood test* + urine test
4. *Bladder scan/urine flow* if needed

*Management Options*
- *Lifestyle*: Less fluids 2-3hrs before bed, reduce caffeine/alcohol, double-void, timed bathroom trips
- *Medications*: Alpha-blockers [relax muscle], 5-ARIs [shrink prostate], or combination
- *Procedures*: Minimally invasive or surgical options if meds fail or complications arise

*Key Takeaway*
BPH is common, treatable, and not cancer. But symptoms should always be evaluated by a health professional to get the right diagnosis and plan.

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