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What is a REST API or RESTful API?

A RESTful API is an approach used to design APIs, or in other words, a type of architecture. In this approach, HTTP requests are used to access and manage data.

We already learned what an API is from a previous article, but to remind you again, an API, or Application Programming Interface, is a set of rules and protocols used for two software applications to communicate with each other. A RESTful API is one of the main architectural styles used to design these APIs.

A REST API is an API designed by following a software architectural style called Representational State Transfer. This architecture was introduced by Roy Fielding. REST APIs use HTTP requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to access and manage data. Through these requests, a resource, or data, is identified using a URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

One advantage of using REST APIs is scalability and flexibility. Even if a change is made to the API on the server-side, it does not cause any problem for the client-side. A REST API is completely stateless. In other words, when a server handles a request, that request is independent of previous requests. To explain this more clearly, you may know that when browsing the web, after accessing one page from a browser and then accessing another page, the server does not store any previous request history.

Things to know when designing a REST API

1. Resource Identification
In a REST API, a request is identified using a URL. Example: https://api.example.com/books/1. Here, books/1 refers to the book resource with the number 1.

2. Use of HTTP Methods
There are four main HTTP methods:

GET – Used to read a resource
POST – Used to create a new resource
PUT – Used to update an existing resource
DELETE – Used to delete a resource

3. Stateless Interactions
A REST API is stateless. That means when a server processes a request, it does not store any information about previous requests.

4. Use of JSON/XML
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) are used for data exchange. JSON is easier to use and lightweight.

To learn more things like this, Like this post and Follow our Page.

Sinhala Translation

REST API එහෙමත් නැත්තම් RESTful API කියන්නෙ මොකද්ද?

RESTful API එකක් කියන්නෙ API design කරන්න use කරන approach එකක්, එහෙමත් නැත්තම් architectural type එකක්. මේකෙදි වෙන්නෙ HTTP requests භාවිතා කරලා data access කිරීම සහ manage කිරීම.

API එකක් කියන්නෙ මොකද්ද කියලා අපි කලින් article එකෙන් දැනගත්තනේ, ආයෙත් මතක් කරොත් API එකක්, එහෙමත් නැත්තම් Application Programming Interface එකක් කියන්නෙ software applications දෙකක් එකිනෙක සමග communicate කිරීම සදහා යොදාගන්න rules ටිකක් සහ protocols ටිකක්. RESTful API කියන්නෙ මේ APIs design කරන main architectural type එකක්.

REST API එකක් කියන්නෙ Representational State Transfer කියන software architectural style එකක් follow කරලා design කරන API එකක්. මේ architecture එක හඳුන්වලා දීලා තියෙන්නෙ Roy Fielding විසින්. REST APIs වලින් data සහ access සහ manage කිරීම සදහා HTTP requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) භාවිතා කරනවා. මේ requests වලින් resource එකක්, එහෙමත් නැත්තම් data එකක් identify කරන්නේ URL (Uniform Resource Locator) එකකින්.

REST APIs භාවිතා කරන advantage එකක් තමයි scalability සහ flexibility. API එකක්, server-side එකකදී change එකක් කරා කියලා client-side එකට කිසිම problem එකක් වෙන්නෙ නෑ. REST API එකක් සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම stateless. එහෙමත් නැත්තම්, server එකක් request එකක් handle කරද්දි, ඒ request එක previous requests වලින් independent වෙනවා. මේ ගැන තව පැහැදිලි කරොත්, ඔයාලා දන්නවා ඇති, web browsing කරනකොට, browser එකකින් එක page එකකට access කරාට පස්සේ වෙනත් page එකකට access කලා කියලා server එකේ කිසිම previous request history එකක් save වෙන්නෙ නෑ.

REST API design කරනකොට දැනගත යුතු කාරණා

1. Resource Identification
REST API එකක request එකක් identify කරන්නේ URL එකකින්. Example: https://api.example.com/books/1. මෙහිදී books/1 කියන්නෙ, 1 number book resource එක.

2. Use of HTTP Methods
HTTP methods ප්‍රධාන 4 ක් තියෙනවා,
GET - Resource එකක් read කිරීම සදහා
POST - නව resource එකක් create කිරීම සදහා
PUT - පවතින resource එකක් update කිරීම සදහා
DELETE - Resource එකක් delete කිරීම සදහා

3. Stateless Interactions
REST API එකක් stateless. ඒ කියන්නෙ, server එකක් request එකක් process කරනකොට, previous requests ගැන කිසිම තොරතුරක් store කරගන්නෙ නැති එක.

4. Use of JSON/XML
Data exchange කිරීම සදහා JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) සහ XML (eXtensible Markup Language) භාවිතා වෙනවා. JSON භාවිතා කිරීම සදහා ලේසි සහ lightweight.

තවත් මේ වගේ දේවල් දැනගන්න මේ Post එකට Like කරලා අපේ Page එක Follow කරන්න SerendibTech 😎

Today we’ll look at what an API is!!

Before understanding what an API is, let’s first understand the structure of a modern software application. The structure of a modern software application consists of the Frontend, Backend, and APIs. Now let’s see what each of these means.

1. Frontend – The frontend, also known as the client-side, is the part of a software application that users directly interact with. It includes user interfaces and user experience components.

2. Backend – The backend, or server-side, is the behind-the-scenes part of a software application that users do not see but is required for the application to run properly. It includes server-side logic, databases, authentication, and the server itself. When a request comes in, the backend provides data to the frontend and also processes inputs received from the frontend. So who carries the requested data and brings the inputs? That is the API!!

An API, or Application Programming Interface, is a set of rules and protocols used for communication between two software applications. APIs can define things like methods used to exchange and request data between applications, data types, data validation, and error handling.

The main role of an API is to provide the methods and definitions that help exchange data from one application to another. APIs are very important when connecting one application with another third-party application.

API types

1. RESTful APIs – Representational State Transfer APIs allow access to server data using HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).

2. SOAP APIs – Simple Object Access Protocol APIs exchange messages between the client and server using XML.

3. WebSocket APIs – APIs used for real-time data transfer. In this case, JSON objects are used to pass data.

4. RPC APIs – Remote Procedure Calls APIs allow the client to execute a function on the server and send the output back to the client.

Some APIs also include authentication and authorization mechanisms. These help secure API requests and protect them from unauthorized access. To learn more things like this, like this post and follow our page.

Sinhala Translation

අද අපි බලමු API එකක් කියන්නෙ මොකද්ද කියලා!!

API එකක් කියන්නෙ මොකද්ද කියලා දැනගන්න කලින් අපි දැනන් ඉමු Modern Software Application එකක structure එක. Frontend, Backend සහ APIs තමයි Modern Software Application එකක structure එක. දැන් අපි බලමු මේ එක එක ඒවයින් කියන්නෙ මොනාද කියලා.

1. Frontend - Frontend එහෙමත් නැත්තම් client-side කියන්නෙ software application එකේ users ලා කෙලින්ම interact කරන part එක. User interfaces, user experience components මේකට අන්තර්ගතයි.

2. Backend - Backend නැත්තම් server-side කියන්නෙ software application එක හරියට run වෙන්න ඕන කරන users ලට නොපෙනෙන behind the scenes තියෙන තැන. Server-side logic, databases, authentication, server එක මේකට අන්තර්ගතයි. Request එකක් ආවම frontend එකට data provide කරන්නෙත්, frontend එකෙන් ලැබෙන inputs process කරන්නෙත් මේ Backend එකෙන්. එතකොට මේ request කරපු data අරන් යන්නෙයි සහ inputs අරන් එන්නෙයි කවුද? ඒ තමයි API!!

API එකක්, එහෙමත් නැත්තම් Application Programming Interface එකක් කියන්නෙ software applications දෙකක් එකිනෙක සමග communicate කිරීම සදහා යොදාගන්න rules ටිකක් සහ protocols ටිකක්. මේ API වලින් applications අතර data exchange කරන්න සහ data request කරන්න use කරන methods, datatypes, data validation, error handling වගේ දේවල් define කරන්න පුලුවන්.

API එකක main role එක තමා application එකකින් තව එකකට data exchange කරන්න help වෙන methods ටිකක් සහ definitions ටිකක් දෙන එක. යම්කිසි application එකක් එක්ක වෙන third-party application එකක් සම්බන්ධ කර කරගන්න මේ API ගොඩක් වැදගන් වෙනවා.

API types

1. RESTful APIs - Representational State Transfer API කියන්නෙ HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) use කරලා server data access කරන්න පුලුවන් APIs.

2. SOAP APIs - Simple Object Access Protocol API කියන්නෙ XML use කරලා client සහ server අතර messages exchange කරන APIs.

3. Websocket APIs - Real-time data transfer සඳහා use කරන APIs. මේකෙදි JSON objects use කරලා තමයි data pass කරන්නෙ.

4. RPC APIs: Remote Procedure Calls APIs කියන්නෙ client එක, server එකේ function එකක් execute කරලා output එක ආයෙම client එකට send කරනවා.

සමහර APIs වල authentication සහ authorization mechanisms ද ඇතුළත් වෙනවා, ඒවා වලින් API requests secure කරන්නයි, unauthorized access වලින් protect කරගන්නයි පුලුවන්. තවත් මේ වගේ දේවල් දැනගන්න මේ Post එකට Like කරලා අපේ Page එක Follow කරන්න SerendibTech 😊