Medical Professionals

Knowledge about blood

PDA

Blood Pressure Measurement

Strain vs Sprain

Elevating the legs to 45° above the horizontal plane will move about 300 mL of blood out of the lower extremities and towards the heart, thereby serving as a “built-in” fluid challenge. This passive leg raising (PLR) maneuver has been shown to promote venous return by increasing mean systemic pressure. The subsequent increase in stroke volume is rapid, and can
dissipate in minute.
The PLR test is performed on spontaneously breathing patients (on or off the ventilator), and the response is evaluated using a method of continuous cardiac output monitoring (e.g., pulse
contour analysis). Blood pressure monitoring alone is not adequate for evaluating the response

The patient should be in a semirecumbent position (head up at 30–45°) at the beginning of the
test, since starting from the supine position will eliminate the contribution of blood mobilized
from the splanchnic circulation
If there is a positive response (i.e., a ≥10% increase in stroke volume) that persists after a few
minutes, the patient should be moved back to a semirecumbent position, and the response
should dissipate

The goal of determining fluid responsiveness is to reduce the risk of iatrogenic fluid overload, but it seems that this can be achieved with less costly and convoluted methods

Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms

Dyslipidemia important points

Sphygmomanometer and blood pressure checking

Pelvic muscle attachments

Infarction sites