IGL Gem Testing Laboratories

NATURAL RUBY (Myanmar)
crystal showing steps like cleavage cracks, found on the surface of this burmese ruby.

Dense, 3-directional short silk in
Short silk" refers to fine, short rutile needles (titanium dioxide-TiO2) that act as a hallmark inclusion in rubies, specifically those from the Valley.

RUTILE (titanium dioxide- Tio2) needles, also known as SILK, observed in natural sapphire. These microscopic needles, often aligned in three directions, follow crystallographic planes of corundum crystal intersecting @ angle of 60°,strong dispersion observed in these needles is a strong indicator of NO HEAT TREATMENT.

Discoid feathers or disc-like fractures that develop around internal inclusions in sapphire as a result of high-temperature heat treatment. They are a strong diagnostic indicator used by gemologists to identify that a sapphire has been heat-treated.

The most distinct feature in COLOMBIAN EMERALD from MUZO is a "jagged" or "sawtooth" shaped cavity filled with liquid, gas, and a solid cubic crystal (often halite or calcite). The gas bubble is frequently smaller than the crystal, and the inclusion often displays a zigzag pattern. Along with these, elongated blade-like & irregular shape multiphase inclusions also occur.