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Refinement

Lilies were cultivated in East Asia as both ornamental and useful plants. Their bulbs were valued in domestic records as stored food, particularly in colder seasons.

Resolve

Lily bulbs were traditionally used in East Asia as gentle, nourishing preparations rather than active medicines.

Hag’s Candle

Verbascum species were used in rural Europe as hand-held torches,
carried during night work and watch duties.

Farhad’s Tulip

In Persian literary tradition, the story of Farhad became associated with red tulips symbolising devotion, loss, and remembrance.

Malian Petunia

Ruellia simplex is widely cultivated in Mali, where it is valued for its resilience and continuous flowering in heat and dry conditions.

Messenger

In ancient Greek mythology, the iris was associated with Iris, a divine messenger
between gods and humans. The flower was cultivated in antiquity and appears in
Roman medical and decorative sources.

The Cure for Madness

In ancient Greek myth and medicine, hellebore was linked to madness and its
cure, regarded as a dangerous purgative used only in extreme cases.

Forgetting Sorrow

The orange day-lily has long been associated in Chinese tradition with easing sorrow and emotional strain. Literary sources describe it as a flower of waiting and endurance, its single-day bloom reflecting how feelings pass without needing to be forced away.

The Flower of the Sun

The sunflower has a long history of cultivation for food, oil, and seasonal use
in North America.

Prairie Flower

Heliopsis helianthoides is native to North American prairie landscapes and was historically gathered from wild populations for household and traditional medicinal use.